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#2da6b373-7381-4503-addc-11cf89be1d45中等解答题导数与函数单调性导数及其应用

14.(2023春•仁寿县校级期中)已知函数f(x)=lnx+ax2+(2a+1)xf(x)=lnx+ax^{2}+(2a+1)x. (1)当a=1a=1时,求y=f(x)y=f(x)曲线在x=1x=1处的切线方程; (2)讨论f(x)f(x)的单调性.

解析
【解答】解:(1)a=1a=1时,f(x)=lnx+x2+3xf(x)=lnx+x^{2}+3x, 则f′(x)=1x+2x+3f\prime (x)=\frac{1}{x}+2x+3, 故ff(1)=4=4,f′f\prime(1)=6=6, 故切线方程是:y−4=6(x−1)y-4=6(x-1),即y=6x−2y=6x-2; (2)因为f(x)=lnx+ax2+(2a+1)xf(x)=lnx+ax^{2}+(2a+1)x, 对f(x)f(x)求导,f′(x)=1x+2ax+(2a+1)=2ax2+(2a+1)x+1x=(2ax+1)(x+1)xf'(x)=\frac{1}{x}+2ax+({2a+1})=\frac{2a{x^2}+({2a+1})x+1}{x}=\frac{({2ax+1})({x+1})}{x},(x>0)(x>0), ①当a=0a=0时,f′(x)=1x+1>0f'(x)=\frac{1}{x}+1>0恒成立,此时y=f(x)y=f(x)在(0,+∞)(0,+\infty )上单调递增; ②当a>0a>0,由于x>0x>0,所以(2ax+1)(x+1)>0(2ax+1)(x+1)>0恒成立,此时y=f(x)y=f(x)在(0,+∞)(0,+\infty )上单调递增; ③当a<0a<0时,令f′(x)=0f'(x)=0,解得x=−12ax=-\frac{1}{2a}, 因为当x∈(0,−12a)x\in ({0,-\frac{1}{2a}}),f′(x)>0f'(x)>0,当x∈(−12a,+∞)x\in ({-\frac{1}{2a},+\infty }),f′(x)<0f'(x)<0, 所以y=f(x)y=f(x)在(0,−12a)({0,-\frac{1}{2a}})上单调递增,在(−12a,+∞)({-\frac{1}{2a},+\infty })上单调递减. 综上可知,当a⩾0a\geqslant 0时,f(x)f(x)在(0,+∞)(0,+\infty )上单调递增, 当a<0a<0时,f(x)f(x)在(0,−12a)({0,-\frac{1}{2a}})上单调递增,在(−12a,+∞)({-\frac{1}{2a},+\infty })上单调递减.